Galvanic cell.



B. JONAS.

GALVANIU CELL.

APPLIOATIONIILED APR. 2, 1904.

Patented Mar. 2, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES A 7TOHNE Y B. JON AS.

GALVANIG CELL.

APPLICATION FILED APB.2, 1904. v 91 3 ,898, Patented Mar. 2, 1909.

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W/TNESSES: nvvsA/iofi UNITED STATES PATENT orn oE.

BAROUKH JONAS, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE JONAS BATTERY COMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

GALVANIC CELL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 2, 1909.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, BAROUKH JONAS, a citizen of Constantinople, Turkey, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful In] )rovements in Galvanic Cells; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accom anying drawings, and to the letters and gures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in galvanic cells, and the objects of my improvements are, first, to provide a constantly renewing and continuously acting galvanic cell that generates the electricity and de-- livers it into storage. Second, to provide a cheaper system of generating electricity, of such a construction that when once properly set up will continue to generate electricity for many months or as long as the supply of generating material lasts. Third, to increase the generating power of the cell or cells by a breathing system which is after the manner of inhaling and exhaling the air in the cells. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of my invention complete Fig. 2 is an end elevation of my invention complete except that the left hand portion of the 11 per ce 1 is removed being out on the vertica plane W. Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the plane Y. Y. on F ig. 1, removing the upper ortion. Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively t 1e under side and a section of one of the carbon cups enlarged. Figs. 6 and 7 are enlarged face and edge views of one of the pressure s rings.

Similar etters and figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, the tank or rcceptacle A. may be made of wood, earthenware or concrete. These shown are preferably of concrete so that all of the tubes and ipes can be cemented or built in them solid. t is provided with a lid or cover K., the under edge of which is provided all around with a series of openin s N. which give a circulation for the air under the cover; near the bottom of the tank inside, a ledge is formed in the concrete on which the bottom lanks C rest. These planks are perforated with many smal holes 0, and large holes for bolts 0 On these bottom planks O are arranged systematically the various parts of my cell filling, a series of insulated bolts I), only one being shown entirely to avoid crowding the view of other parts arranged on the bottom planks. In this size there are three porous ars, B. B. B., of rectangular form, between which and against each side of the tank are laced in a vertical position 4 plates of caron E. E. E. E.

In each of the porous jars is suspended a silver strip 9. The lower portion 0 the porous jars are filled with small pieces 2' of iron that have been first cleaned by acid; then a heavy layer of granulated carbon H. is strewn evenly all over the bottom planks O. covering all of the space between the porous jars and the carbon plates and on this is placed a layer-of carbon cups F. in an inverted position as shown in Fig. 2, filling in again around and over them with a layer of ranulated carbon, thus alternating with the ayers of cups and carbon to near the top of the orous jars, or up to the line of the woo en beams V. Then the series of wooden beams V., six in number (one in each space) are placed on the bolts 1), and the pressure springs Z placed on them and the nuts 1 put on and screwed down so as to give a good solid pressure on the mass of carbon and cups between the bottom planksUand the wooden beams V. The silver strips g. g. g. are all connected by wircat the top of the tank above the solution line, which wire continues out through the tube it and forms the negative pole or terminal of the cell. Then again the carbon plates E. E. E. E. extend up into the top of the tank above the solution line and are connected together by wire, which wire continues out through the left hand tube R. and forms the positive pole of the cell. All of the tubes and pipes are built in solid in the concrete so as to be water tight. A solution is then iillcd in onto the granulated carbon until it rises to the solution line just above the tops of the porous jars so as to fill the ars also and flooding the entire tank up to this line with the solution. This solution, ferrous chlorid FcCl which is ob-. tained by the dissolving of iron in hydrochloric acid, serves as an electrolyte. Now at this point I will say that the electrical generating process be s this upper tank A Fig. 1, but next f w v this system, one above the other as shown in v Fig. 2, A above and A below. A pipe I is L connects with-this lower tank below and extends to a connection with a pump U (the construction of which is not a part of this patent) and from said pump a ipe U 0011- nects with a separatin tank X, fiom which a pipeL extends into t e bottom of the tank A. thus completing the circuit of the solution from the up er tank or cell into the lower tank or ce and then through the pump U into the settling tank X. and from the settling tank X back into the upper tank or cell A. The lower tank or cell is led and arranged in the same manner in every respect as the up er one just described.

. In packing t e cells there are a vast number of air spaces left under the inverted carbon on s F. in which the air is im risoned when t e interior of the tank is floo ed with the solution. The manner of the circulation of the solution through the cells and their connecting pi es, pump and settling tank is as follows: T e upper cell 'A having been filled with the solution up to its overflow line in the top of the cell, the solution begins to siphon over the return bend and run down through the pipe M. into the pipe M and enter the lower cell A at its bottom. There being no solution in, the cell, it continues to fill until the upper cell is drained and the lower cell is full up to the overflow line above, then the pum U is put into action and draws the so ution from the lower cell through the pipe L and forces it into the settling tank X, where the articles held in suspension are precipitate by the more uiet state of the solution, to the bottom 0 the tank and may be removed in course of time and accumulation through the hand hole under the cover as. The continued pumping forces the solution through the the upper tank again, until it is ed again to its overflow line, when the pump action stops and the si hon action begins and repeats the operatlon. This alternate emptymg and filling of the cells with the solution, causes an alternate emptying and filling of 60, the cells with air which each time causes fresh air to be im risoned under the inverted carbon cups F, t ese alternate fillings of air and solution roduces an inhaling and exhalin or breat g action. In this system of g and emptying, the upper cell empties 'ill arrangethe tanks and the system of circulation, for convenience in formed on the negative electro e.

rapidly and fills the lower cell rapidly, while in turn the lower cell empties slowly and fills the upper one slowly.

Hav ng described the general construction of the parts of the,cells and their relation to each other, together with the circulating process and its additional parts which produce the desired result of a breathing process, and.a means of removing the exhausted or Waste residue, I will next describe the electrolytic process of the cell com lete.

The alternate filling) and emptying of thecellcauses the air to e drawn into the cell and imprisoned in thecarbon element. The air thus imprisoned acting on the ferrous chlorid converts the same partially into ferric chlorid. The finely divided iron element reduces the ferric chlorid to ferrous chlorid, and at the same time a current is produced. It should be understood that this statement of the electrolytic action of a cell, having electrodes of iron and carbon and an electrolyte of iron salt, is a matter of theory and not altogether'free from'doubt. I do not, therefore, wish to be understood as limiting my claims by the theory here stated, for the invention remains the same regardless of the true explanation of the phenomena involved.

Not only are the particles situated in the 95 cavity of the cup F. active, but all of the particles of carbon are active, for all are alternatively surrounded by the electrolyte and the air on account of the continual movement of the liquid in the cell.

The electrolyte is not exhausted because for each equivalent of chlorid ofiron whichis decomposed on account of the electrochemical action, /another e uivalent is The cell attains its maximum force when the interior temperature of the cell is about 56 centigrade or 132 Fahrenheit. The oxidized iron that is formed on the carbon is afterward carried away by the continual movement of the liquid, thus preventing any obstruction in the cell, it being carried into the settling tank X, and deposited there as a residue from the cells, and as the motion of the liquid in this tank is very slow it does not hold the articles in suspension and they fall to 'the bottom and may be removed through the hand hole under the late :0

The construction of the negative electrode which is composed ofsuperposed layers of-120 granulated carbon H, inverted carbon cups F, and carbonplates E. is intended to give a large surface and a great conductibility at the same time. The current proceeding from any particle T., instead of spreading from particle to particle through a great number of contacts, has only to cross the piece F. and the nearest vertical plate E., of which the prolon ation of E serves as positive terminal, an the current ascends 111 it. 130

The same action taking lace throughout the great amount of granu ated carbon and inverted carbon cups and the exposure of surface in the vertical carbon plates makes a powerful generating force, which is also very greatly aided by washing and renewing of the granulated carbon surfaces by the solution and the renewed fresh air brought in contact with them by the breathing process. The arrows shown in the drawings indicate the direction of currents.

I do not design to confine myself in the construction of my cells to an particular shape of a tank, or any particu ar shape or size of carbon plates, or any size or style of carbon on s or porous jars, as I can varyall of these s apes, sizes and numbers and accom lish the same purposes and result.

The waste and consumption in this construction of a cell is practically only the evaporation of the solution and the OXldlZ-\ in of the iron, which is slow.

II have carefully described the construction, parts and working of my invention, and shownthe results obtained, setting forth its objects and advantages, and where a great amount of energyis required, the couplet of cells are increased to any desired number.

What I claim as new and desire to secur by Letters Patent is: r I

1. In a galvanic cell, the combination of the tank or outer receptacle of concrete, provided with a ventilated cover, and internally fitted with a erforated bottom with a series of vertical b0 ts extending up throu h cross beams and springs, and held down y nuts onto a carbon filling, and between these bolts and beams a series of porous jars provided with a partial filling of iron particles and a silvered ribbon suspended therein, said jars alternating with carbon plates packed in close with a filling of granulated carbon and inverted carbon cups, all submerged with an electrolyte solution, composed of chlorid of iron dissolved in water; the said silvered ribbons all connected by wire forming a negative terminal and the said carbon plates conmated by wire forming a positive terminal, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a galvanic cell, a receptacle of concrete having a ventilated lid and cemented pipe openings provided internally with a a sebottom and a systematically arranged filling consisting of porous jars with a partial filling of particles of iron and a silvered ribbon suspended in each jar, vertical carbon plates against the Walls of the receptacle and etween the said jars, inverted carbon cups and granulated carbon packing around said carbon plates, vertical bolts and beams and springs compressed b nuts onto the ling of ranulated carbon, t e several silvered ribons connected by wire forming the negativepole, and the several carbon plates connected y wire forming the positive pole, the whole filling being covered with the electrolyte fluid, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a galvanic cell, a series of porous jars provided with a partial filling of iron particles and suspended silver ribbons connected by wire forming a negative terminal; a series of carbon plates connected by wire forming a positive terminal, and the said porous jars and carbon plates closely packed in a filling of inverted carbon cups and granulated car bon held within a false bottom tank provided with outlet and inlet pipes and flooded with an electrolyte fluid, substantially as specified.

4. In a galvanic cell, an upper and a lower tank each rovided with a false bottom and a ventilated id, said tanks arranged one above the other and connected by an overflow. siphon pipe above leading from the upper to the lower tank, and a pipe froni the ower tank leading through a pump and a settling-- tank back into the upper tank as a means of alternately filling and emptying the said tanks with an electrolyte fluid, as shown and described.

5. In a galvanic cell, a filling consisting of a series of porous jars arranged on a false bottom, interspersed with a series of vertical carbon plates and packed closely around and between with inverted carbon cups and granulated carbon in alternate layers; said porous jars provided with a partial filling of iron particle and silver ribbons sus ended in each of the said jars and connecte together by wire extendin out as a negative terminal, and the carbon p ates connected together by wire extending out as a positive terminal, the whole mass being submerged with the electrolyte fluid, for the purposes shown and specified.- p

6. In a galvanic batter a two fluid cell comprising an electrode 0 carbon immersed in a solution of an iron salt subjected to atmospheric oxidation, and anopposed electrode of iron in an electrolyte of ferrous salt, the two fluids separated by a porous partition, and a containing vessel for said electrodes, electrolytes, and partitions.

7. In a galvanic battery, a cell comprisin an electrode of granulated carbon, an opposed electrode of iron, an electrolyte of iron salt, a containing vessel for said electrodes and said electrolyte, combined with meansfor exposing the granulated carbon element to the atmosphere. V

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

BAROUKH JONAS.

Witnesses:

MARIAN BOSSARD, LILLIAN Fox. 

